E-Money Affecting Canadian Commerce Essay - 1188 Words

E-Money: Affecting Canadian Commerce The text Out of Control, by Kevin Kelly, is an exciting description of the future as seen by the author, a journalist and optimistic technologist. The predictions presented must certainly be taken as entertaining reading that are intended to inspire visions of the future. The predictions of Kelly have already proven to be inaccurate in the four years since publication. The most glaring example of this is electronic commerce. Canada is quickly becoming a leader in electronic commerce, through online banking and direct payment purchases. The coming cashless society presents several opportunities and problems that were not previously available in the paper money world. Canada is now†¦show more content†¦All around us, records are being taken and our lives are being invaded. Video cameras record our lives in shopping malls, workplaces, schools, and countless other locations. Our telephone and internet conversations can be decrypted and intercepted by outsiders. Targeted marketing tracks our purchases, viewing habits, musical interests, and hobbies in order to send us the junk mail that is most likely to encourage us to part with our money. The introduction of direct payment as we now know it is just another step towards a Canada where everything we do is in the public domain. The technology of Interac and other similar electronic debit systems in other countries allows the consumer to transfer money directly from his or her banking account to the merchant. The merchant (and the financial institution, and the Interac Members group) then have a record of your card number and purchase amount. When your bank compiles this virtual history of your commercial life, this can become an unwanted and powerful marketing tool. Interac claims that such information is used for broad statistical purposes only, but groups such as Electronic Frontier Canada have a different view. You could take the top 20 per cent of consumers and sell that list for targeted marketing. And this is your information, but you have not choice about it being collected and sold., says David Jones, professor at McMaster University and president of ElectronicShow MoreRelatedThe Underground Economy And Its Effects On Canada1522 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal, as long as both the seller and buyer comes to an agreement on the price, they trade privately with cash to avoid being detected. Although many sellers get away with this, at the end of the day underground economy is a continued cycle of affecting the country and its citizens, including sellers and buyers in the black market, mostly its tax revenues will be affected, then the GDP, and finally its ci tizens. All black market trades are done in the shadows, but if the root causes of the continuedRead MoreDriver Shortage And Its Impact On Quality Of Service Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesbe losing money, and hence consumers might need to pay premier price to avail some services. INTERNAL BUSINESS PRESPECTIVE Operational Excellence Perfect Orders NEGATIVE Driver shortage will have negative impact on quality of service Innovative Products And Services POSITIVE Driver shortage will push companies to develop and implement innovative ways to do business. INNOVATION AND LEARNING PRESPECTIVE Motivated Workforce Strategic Competency NEUTRAL Organisations will spend more money to trainRead MorePope Gregory’s America1261 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1591, Pope Gregory XIV fell ill with a gall stone to which his physicians prescribed pulverized gold and gemstones. As one might assume, he soon died of complications regarding his gall stone; however, because his medicine was literally money, the Papal coffers were depleted and Pope Gregory was interred in an non-descript stone coffin in the Vatican. According to one Papal historian, â€Å"he was surrounded by stupid physicians or culpable ministers† (de Montor 218). In the United States, we’ve beenRead MoreKohls 2013 Annual Report2657 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Return on Investment ROI a. Revenue b. Net Income c. Cost of Goods Sold d. Expenses e. Average Total Assets i. Inventory Turnover 3. Cash Flow Analysis a. Leverage b. Stock Repurchase 4. Statement of Shareholder’s Equity a. Debt to Equity b. Current Ratio c. Competitor Analysis 5. Income Projection 6. Summary The decision to buy, sell or hold Kohl’s stock is a difficult one. Their 2012 financial statements reflect a descending trend inRead MoreResearch on Persuasive Techniques Used in Advertising Industry12297 Words   |  50 Pagesbroadcast television. Mass Communication majors are sometimes also located within a broader communication major that more generally examines the ways in which information is created and distributed, whether through a television commercial or a personal e-mail. MASS MEDIA 1|Page Mass media is a non-personal channels of broadcasting a message to the general public, principally the national newspapers, radio, and television. Mass Media goes along with Information and Communication Technology in thisRead MoreMobile Banking11695 Words   |  47 PagesYu: Factors Affecting Individuals to Adopt Mobile Banking FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUALS TO ADOPT MOBILE BANKING: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE UTAUT MODEL Chian-Son Yu Department of Information Technology and Management Shih Chien University # 70, DaZhi Street, Taipei, Taiwan csyu@mail.usc.edu.tw ABSTRACT Fast advances in the wireless technology and the intensive penetration of cell phones have motivated banks to spend large budget on building mobile banking systems, but the adoption rate of mobileRead MoreAnalysis Of International Business Expansion Into Canada3506 Words   |  15 Pagesinternational activities will be enhanced through a range of co-operative relationships with entities such as: international tour operators, governmental and diplomatic associations, trade bodies, major hospitality institutions, international Chambers of Commerce, and tourist agencies. Our pre-market research has shown the intended market to have plenty of room for a hotel such as ours. We will successfully brand our hotel as a 4-star quality hotel, which will be inspected and listed as such by all majorRead MoreAnalysis of the Impact of the Internet on Competition4374 Words   |  18 Pagesthe theoretical framework to analyze the ways that the Intemet is affecting the competitive dynamics of the banking industry. Introduction The Internets compelling effect on the commercial world is its ability to pull enormous infonnation from virtually every comer of the globe (Engelman, 1996). Today every business model is evolving to adapt to the growing acceptance of the Intemet and Ecommerce. Banking is no exception. E-commerce fundamentally changes the existing business models, shifting theRead MoreMayo Clinic Research Objectives2119 Words   |  9 Pagesand key economic indicators for the United States and major foreign countries, as well as population trends, such as migration, immigration, and aging. Cultural, sociological, and political climate. A general noneconomic review of conditions affecting the division’s business. In addition to the more obvious subjects, it covers ecology, safety, and leisure time and their potential impacts on the division’s business. 4 3. Overview of market conditions. A detailed analysis of market conditions thatRead MoreThe Scope and Challenge of International Marketing6030 Words   |  25 PagesChapter 01 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing True / False Questions 1. (p. 3) Global commerce thrives during peacetime. TRUE Difficulty: Easy Type: Knowledge 2. (p. 4) To date, the lesson for international commerce in the 21st century is expect the unexpected. TRUE Difficulty: Easy Type: Knowledge 3. (p. 5) Today, every American business is international. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 4. (p. 5) One event that

Marketing Strategy Of Nike, Inc. Essay - 1391 Words

Companies must seek to differentiate themselves from the competitors for them to thrive and survive in the competitive market. All the companies use information from marketing to enhance their competitive advantages in their specific industries. When implementing a marketing strategy, the companies need to analyze their marketing information and understand and evaluate what is working and what isn’t working. The two companies are unique in categories of sporting apparel and footwear. They have also been able to perform better in designing apparel and athletic equipment. The marketing strategy of Nike, Inc. lies on its world image and brand recognition, which UA is working hard to achieve. Hence, there are two possible ways which UA could differentiate itself from its competitors, including Nike and Adidas. These are: expanding its appeal to the women and focusing on having a wider reach and exploiting the potential of the social media advertising. The company needs to focus on women athletes because the company has been linked to men athletes. This will mean that the company will have a wider reach of the target audience rather than targeting a specific group. Hence, Under Armour should develop and produce women products which meet the needs of the women under female designers and with guidance from female athletes. It is clear that football cleat doesn’t fit female runners or ballerina. The company needs to market female athletic shoes, which would give the company anShow MoreRelatedNikes Core Competencies Exist In Their1511 Words   |  7 Pagesexist in their effective marketing strategies and their innovative product design. These two elements provide much value and benefits to Nike’s consumers, are not easy for competitions to imitate, and can be leveraged widely to most of their products and markets. Although Nike does not manufacture any of its own shoes, the company is still today’s leader in selling athletic shoes and apparel. Nikes marketing strategy is an important component of the companys success. Nike is located as a premium-brandRead MoreNike Business Analysis Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesIV. Marketing strategy As a leading athletic brand in the world, much of Nike’s success can be attributed to its shrewd marketing strategy. As reported in its 2009-2010 Annual report, because NIKE is a consumer products company, â€Å"the relative popularity of various sports and fitness activities and changing design trends affect the demand for our products†. Therefore, Nike must â€Å"respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing newRead MoreNike Strategy1302 Words   |  6 Pagesmodule Session Long Project I picked Nike, Inc as the multinational company to study. Here we will discuss the origin and history of this company and its profile. We will also cover Nike s international activities and how they managed to become today s world s leading supplier of athletic shoes, apparel and sports equipment. We will see how this company managed to expand internationally and control the sportswear arena completely by utilizi ng marketing strategy centering around brand image whichRead MoreNike And Challenges Of Nike Inc. Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesSummary Nike was founded in 1972 by Philip Knight and Bill Bowerman. The focus of this report would be an analysis of how Nike’s manages and delivers its service to its customers. It also looks into Nike’s emphasis on its product quality and innovative design to meet the ever changing consumer preferences. By looking at its current strategies that Nike adopt and its appropriateness, this report will provide you a better understanding on how consumer see Nike and challenges that Nike Inc. faces.Read MoreNike and the Concept of Integrated Marketing Communications894 Words   |  4 PagesNike and the Concept of IMC: The concept of Integrated Marketing Communications is an important factor whose essence is achievement of the need for a holistic approach in the implementation of the tools of marketing communication. The concept can be described as the coordination and integration of every marketing communication tool, source, function, and avenue within an organization into a flawless program that capitalizes the effect of customers and other users at minimal costs. The significanceRead MoreCompetitive Analysis Of Nike Vs. Nike1497 Words   |  6 Pagescompetitors to Nike are Adidas, Reebok, Under Armor and Puma and the minor competitors are ASICS and VANS. In accordance with Porter’s 5 Forces, Nike has faced competition by using different and distinct capabilities in marketing. One attribute to such capability is its value or benefit offered to its customers. The intensity of competition from its competitors is high for each firm competes in various key areas of business. For example, Ad idas has loyal customers who are soccer players, while Nike has highRead MoreNike vs Adidas1127 Words   |  5 PagesENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT CASE STUDY INTRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. | ACKNOWLGEMENT | 2. | AIM | 3. | INTODUCTION OF THE COMPANIES | 4. | COMPARISION OF MARKETING STRATEGY | 5. | DATA ANALYSIS | 6. | DATA REPORT | 7. | CONCLUSION | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank my teacher Mrs. Grace for her extensive support in the completion of this entrepreneurship project and also providing me with help full tips. ThisRead MoreNike Golf Marketing Strategies Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary NIKE, Inc. designs, develops, and markets footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessory products for men, women, and children worldwide. This marketing plan focuses on NIKE Golf and our market segments and the strategies we are using to gain more Hispanic customers and create consistent revenue growth in this area. Our specific focus on marketing NIKE Golf to the Hispanic community comes from the fast-growing buying power of Hispanics. Our marketing plan will meet those growing demandsRead MoreWorking Capital Strategis Essay examples1405 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The following content provided will include information regarding Nikes Inc. cash management strategies, which will include more in depth information from the previous group paper. In addition, working capital recommendations will be provided to senior management base on next year’s in the pro-forma financial statements. Working Capital Strategies Paper Financial statements are a vital factor of any business organization; they show where a company’sRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Nike s Marketing Strategy1543 Words   |  7 Pagescorporate level strategy. It not only helps companies to spread their risks but also capitalizes their strengths. One of the epitomes of applying diversification strategy and being successful in diversification is Nike, Inc. This paper discusses Nike’s diversification strategies and how the company succeeds in using it. Along with corporate level strategy, this paper also touches upon the international strategy that Nike uses. Key Tie-Ins †¢ Diversification strategy †¢ International strategy Nike Diversification

Corporate Governance and Socialism Wesfarmers Management

Question: Describe about the Corporate Governance and Socialism for Wesfarmers Management. Answer: Part A: Wesfarmers Sustainability Comparison Introduction Wesfarmers is an Australian company serving in the conglomerate industry. The main areas of its operation include retail market, chemicals and fertilizers, coal mining, and industrial safety products. The company has adopted sustainability practices related to economic, environmental, and social factors. This report will compare and analyze Wesfarmers Sustainability report of 2014 and 2015. The sustainability report is an important tool to communicate with the internal and external stakeholders. It helps in the development of good relation with them. This report will throw light on how much the company is following the GRI G4 guideline of government during the making of its sustainability report and publishing it. According to Denis (2016), the GRI G4 guideline mentions that a sustainability report should be simple and accessible. This report will focus on how much this report is easily accessible. By comparing the sustainability reports of 2014 and 2015, this report will highlight t o what extent the company has improved in its sustainability practice. Assessment of the sustainability report of 2014 and 2015 Assessment of the sustainability report of the company has brought to the focus that they have a clear understanding of their stakeholders. In this report, information about both the internal and the external stakeholders are mentioned. There is a section named our data in the sustainability report page. Here, the company has included in detail its five-years data based on its social activities. As Servaes and Tamayo (2013) discussed, the sustainability practice involves different aspects related to total record of injury, injury frequency rate, and greenhouse gas emission, community contribution, use of energy, use of water, and waste amount. As per the sustainability record of 2014, the total recordable injury was estimated 5.0. It became 4.2 in 2015 (wesresources.com 2016). Therefore, it can be said that the total recordable injury has declined by 0.8 in 2015. It is also found that the 13 employees have claimed compensation in 2014. By 2015, this number became 11 proving the decre ase by 2. The contribution to the community is recorded 0.24 in 2014. By the next year, it has become 0.12, which means the community contribution has declined by 0.12 in total. The report proves that the company is not showing positive results when it comes to community contribution. The inclusion of the negative points in the results makes it credible for the internal and external stakeholders. Whereas the estimated green house gas emission in 2014 was 627, in 2015, it was 569. In 2014, the energy use was 4.59. It became 5.11 in 2015(wesresources.com 2016). The decrease of energy use is due to high production. It is estimated that the company has disposed 581 Tones in 2014 and recycled 2505 Tones (wesresources.com 2016). In the next year, they disposed 2058 Tones and recycled 2521 Tones. Apart from this, the use of water was 8148 Mega-liters in 2014 that became 7086 mega-liters in 2015 (wesresources.com 2016). Through the sustainability reports published by Wesfarmers, the company has brought to focus the specific data and set of responsibilities. It has revealed the statistics without violating the guidelines of GRI G4. The analysis of the report shows that the company has covered all the four areas of social responsibility along with the economic and environmental factors. The organizational data has shown that the company has become more aware of its social activities because of which the number has increased. However, the negative aspects marked by the company in its 2015 report require critical analysis. Leipziger (2015) discussed, in this competitive market, many companies publish inauthentic sustainability report to attract the stakeholders. This is unethical. After an in-depth analysis of Wesfarmers, one cannot point out any instance of ingenuity and falsification. Comparison between Wesfarmers sustainability report of 2014 and 2015 Categories Sub-categories 2014 2015 Finance The company has revealed its contribution to the society through the sustainability report. According to the report published in 2014, it is found that the company has spent $62349 for sales and operating revenue. It spent $7787 on employee wages, and $1880 on paying government tax. The accessibility of data was higher in 2015 than in 2014. (wesresources.com 2014). In 2015, Wesfarmers published its economic contribution to the society. The sustainability report of 2015 revealed that the company spent $7830 on employee wages, $1578 million on paying tax to the government, and $315 million on lenders. Expenditure on shareholders and reinvestment amounted to $2246 million and $1413 million respectively. The accessibility of the report has improved since its previous report. (wesresources.com 2016). Environmental Social Labor practices and decent work To consider the environmental aspect, the company has published its data on carbon emission. In 2014, it was 4.1 per cent lower than what it was in 2013. Therefore, it is proved that the company has focused on sustainable maintenance to retain environmental health. In its sustainability report, other two important aspects are amount of energy use and carbon regulations. While presenting the data, the company has strictly maintained the guidelines of GRI G4. In the sustainability report of 2014, the company has also provided the guidelines that they follow as a means of ethical practices. It is found that the rate of carbon emission has decreased to 37 percent in the past five years. The company through this report has given all essential information to the external stakeholders. They have also followed GRI G4 guidelines. They have revealed a set of objectives that they would follow for a better communication with their employees or the internal stakeholders. The importance of maintaining the guidelines is also highlighted. These guidelines are relevant and are of immense importance for an overall organizational development. In contrast with the report published in 2014, the sustainability report in 2015 underlined that the company has seen remarkable improvement. Ethical sourcing and Anti-bribery policy are the two major systems that they have incorporated into the organizational operation. To ensure sustainability, the company has set a target or objective for the upcoming years. Human Rights The company has followed the policies of human rights. It is mentioned in this report that the company has emphasized on employee health and safety related policies. The report includes the fact that they have incorporated target for the coming financial years. In the report of 2015, the company has revealed the low employee health and safety related issues that are achieved by following the guidelines. They have also given adequate information for the benefit of the shareholders. Society In 2014, the company has given information about their social compliance in order to improve the quality of environment. They have outlined the guidelines for serving the society in which they sustain and serve. They have provided the set of targets or objectives for the upcoming financial years. In the report of 2015, the important inclusions are customers health and safety and product and service labeling along with marketing communication. The information is essential to get a clear understanding of GRI guidelines. In the report of 2015, the company has focused on maintain the minimum quality benchmark and the product safety related information. Here they have pointed out the events that are conducted to create brand image to the target customers. They have also organized an event to get customers feedback about GTA5. The consumers feedback has evoked the points what should be appropriate for the company to sell. Accessibility of the reports The report provided by Wesfarmers is easily accessible. The 2014s report on sustainability explains social responsibilities and the maintenance of guidelines in easy language. It has also provided much necessary and accurate information for the benefit of shareholders, investors, employees and customers. According to Leipziger (2015), these two sustainability reports are important tools of communication between the organization and the external and internal stakeholders. Fuente et al (2016) discussed, however, in the sustainability report of 2014, the company has not included any charts or graphs. In a contrast, the sustainability report of 2015 contains various necessary charts and graphs making the report more user-friendly. When it comes to understanding the viewpoint, both the reports include some positive and some negative viewpoints. The report included numerical data in the data tab. These are related to social responsibilities that Wesfarmers has undertaken. According to Harf ord and Maxwell (2012), they have also given data related to increased water usages in the sustainability report of 2015. It is a negative aspect that the company has provided in the report. It is a fact that every global organization should focus on the reduction of usage of the resources. Here, Wesfarmers has failed. They were seen unable to control exploitation of resources as found in both the reports. On the other hand, the company has outlined minimum amount of negative point of views on their sustainability practices. Part B: Sustainability report comparison written in two countries Introduction The discussion will now be based on comparing sustainability report of two companies. At sustainability report of 2014 and 2015, published by Fuji Xerox Australia will be analyzed. The company has published its report of 2014 in Australia, and the report of 2015 in Japan. The company is a Tokyo based organization. The main job of the company is to produce xerographic documents and products across the world. According to Crowfoot and Wondolleck (2012), they have an extended business in different corners of the world. Recently, they have come up with their new outlet in Australia and in 2015; they have revealed their report in Japan. As Carraro and Leveque (2013) discussed, for the benefit of the Japanese stakeholders and customers, the company published the report in the Japanese language too. The current study will compare and contrast the reports of 2014 and 2015 to gauge the progress and decline. According to Daily et al 2015, Fuji Xerox has abided by the G4 guidelines while making the sustainability report in the year so that the stakeholders can understand everything clearly. According to Portney (2016), the report helps the company to understand the significance of the sustainable policies for the betterment of their organization. The report also helps to indicate the sustainable growth of the company that exercise influence on their business operations. The accessibility of sustainability report is an important method through which the company tries to retain the trust and loyalty of both the internal and external stakeholders. The support of the stakeholders are mandatory for the expansion their business worldwide. Assessment of the sustainability report (2014 and 2015) In 2014, Fuji Xerox Australia has come up with their sustainability report that they published in Australia. The company has complied with the GRI G4 guidelines thoroughly. According to Lim and Tsutsui (2012), the guidelines are followed to maintain a transparency in the reports. It acts as a proof of ethicality. Fiji Xerox has kept in mind security issues of Australia for an authentic report. The report also contains the impact and influence of environment, investment and community affecting their business operations. As discussed by Lhtinen and Myllyviita (2015), the main purpose of the report is to highlight the sustainable approach and policies that they strictly follow. Larcker and Tayan (2015) explained, it is helpful in underlining a clear organizational statement or objective before the audiences that consist of the workers, customers, and other people involved in the business. Castelo (2013) opined, the objective of it is to develop and maintain a good relation with them so that it does not hinder the business operations. In the report of 2014, one component that has given immense importance is the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the company. Berger et al 2016 discussed, it helps to focus on the requirements of their clients. Apart from maintaining their own business operations, each company tries to do something for the society. They contribute for the well-being of the people. As discussed by Percival (2013), it is called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Nikolaou and Tsalis (2013), it has an immense importance in developing the reputation of the company, which has major influence in the sustainability of the company. In addition, the CSR policies help the company to meet the expectations of the shareholders and stakeholders. (fxasustainability.com 2016. 2016) The comparison of the sustainability reports of 2014 and 2015 is important to find out areas of improvement and the drawbacks of the company. It is found that the company has included other companies as a part of their service for improving their business operations. As discussed by Fassin (2015), it contains information related to the accounts of the company and demonstrates inter-organizational financial transactions. As a result of its expansion, the company has established their business in 21 countries of the world (fxasustainability.com 2016). Roca and Searcy (2012) discussed, the sustainability report also addresses the environmental management policies that the company follows maintain balance in the eco-system. The report has also tried to improve the system of supply chain management. Managing the supply chain system effectively is mandatory to cater a hassle free service to the customers. The development of the company depends on it. The sustainability report of 2015 of Fuji Xerox Australia was published in Japan. The company has focused on ethical issues while preparing the report. Domingues et al (2015) opined, it provides a better understanding of the quality service provided by the company to its consumers. Here in this report, the company has introduced different sustainable policies for the overall improvement of the company. According to Costa and Menichini (2013), the report of 2015 is helpful in understanding the companys disclosure policy that is important for their business functions. It helps the company to incorporate legislation and local policies keeping in mind the demands of current local market. It is found that the company has taken into consideration the fiscal report of 2014 (fxasustainability.com 2016. 2016). They have incorporated new policies and new activities in the fiscal year of 2015. The 2015 report has helped the company to find out and solve the current social issues faced by the co mpany in the local market. According to Welford (2013), the data given the report proved that the company has emphasized on strengthening its environmental management because environmental issues play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance. They have also emphasized on various shared values to accelerate growth in the global market. As discussed by Bhaduri and Selarka (2016), these shared values and beliefs help the company to develop a relationship of mutual trust and loyalty in the global market environment. It is a fact that the cultural diversity issues play an active part in developing both the personal and the professional life. The report showed that the company has indulged into making commitments to improve their organizational performances. Increasing their revenue by 10% by the next year was an important inclusion in the report. In addition, to develop knowledge of individuals, the company has taken into consideration managing the environment. Their focus is on developing their Corporate Social Responsibility to manage professional and personal relations well Fuji Xerox Comparison Categories Sub-categories 2014( Australia) 2015(Japan) Environment In their 2014 report, the company has considered environment management related issues. It is helpful in reducing environmental risk factors caused by environmental pollution. The company has also incorporated health and safety policies to improve the overall business operation.Fujixerox.com. (2014) To improve service outside of the local market, the company has incorporated environmental systems. It assists the company to reduce emission of waste materials. It is important to maintain ecological balance.Fujixerox.com. (2016) Financial Social Labor Practices and Decent Work Human Rights Society Product Responsibility In 2014, the company published their financial report that helps them to identify the economic growth. To solve various official issues, they have spent 47%. The expenditure on global services is 24%, and 17% in product services. (Fujixerox.com. 2014) In the report of 2014, the company has emphasized on sustainable policies. These policies involve some community activities affecting the business operations. They have focused on protecting the labors dignity within the workplace. It is an important factor for the development of the company. The report of 2014 has outlined the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility through which the company focuses on well being of the society. Thus, Fuji Xerox maintains the social rules and regulations to make the company more acceptable to the local market. The report of 2014 has given importance to Corporate Social Responsibility that stresses on the well-being of the community or the society. Therefore, the company tried to meet the requirements of the society. Fuji Xerox abides by social rules and regulations to make it more acceptable to the society. The company has given importance to the product management service in its report of 2014. This service increases the product quality. The company has highlighted the importance of improved team spirit to improve the service quality for the overall development of the organization. The report of 2015 includes small segments for easy access to the shareholders and the stakeholders. The expenditure on production services was 13.2%, in global services, it was 15.7%, and in office printers, it was 16.1%. All these expenditures have helped the company to develop the quality of the equipments. Thus, they have tried to maintain the quality of the products and services.(Fujixerox.com. 2016) The report of 2015 has given importance to the dignity and self-esteem of the workers within the organization. In a way, it helps the company to develop trust and loyalty among the workers. The workers are encouraged to perform better than the previous. The report published on 2015 has emphasized on human right policies to protect the rights of the workers, consumers and other external stakeholders. The report of 2015 revealed that the company has introduced Corporate Social Responsibility within its operations to encourage the workers for work in a more creative manner. It has emphasized on including global communities within the business framework of the company. The productivity of the company in the present location is given importance in the report of 2015 published in Japan. They have introduced some development policies for an improved product and service qualy. Factors causing the difference in sustainability reports The sustainability reports of the company Fuji Xerox has been discussed and analyzed in detail. The reports were published in 2014 and 2015. After the analysis, some differences are found between the two reports. The primary reason behind the difference is that the reports are based on the two different companies. Australia and Japan have different cultural background. Larcker and Tayan (2015) discussed, Fuji Xerox has to comply with the ethical and social norms of the country in which they operate. It is also found that they have followed the guidelines of GRI G4. According to Armstrong (2015, the presentation of the reports is designed in such a way to satisfy the needs of the people residing in a particular country. The company has given importance in understanding the historical and cultural background of the people so that the stakeholders cooperate in the business operations. Keeping in mind these different factors, Fuji Xerox prepared their sustainability reports in 2014 and 2 015 respectively. Now, discussion of this report will be based on Hofstedes six-dimensional model to recognize and understand the factors causing difference to the sustainability report. Hofstedes six dimensions of social values Power Distance: The Power Distance in Hofstedes model focused on the equal distribution of power. It determines how much people believe in the equal distribution of power. It is found that Australian people believes in the hierarchical approach that relates distribution of power with the individuals ability and skill. Australia has gathered a score of 36 in this dimension. It is very low. In Japan, people believe in hierarchical approach. They do not believe in equal distribution of power. Fuji Xerox had to comply with this difference. Individualism vs. Collectivism: This dimension considers the individual aspects of the people. Australia has a score of 90 in the dimension that proves people are very much concerned about their families and themselves. Japan has acquired the score of 46 in the dimension. It indicates that Japan believes in collectivism apart from focusing on individual necessities. Keeping these scores in mind, Fuji Xerox has included various social activities at the time of publishing the report in Japan. The report of Australia contained financial benefit related issues for the stakeholders. It is given more importance than the overall benefit of the society. Uncertainty avoidance: This dimension demonstrates the situation that creates uncertainty among people. They feel threatened by this uncertainty. The score of Australia is 51, which defines that Australia takes an intermediate position during such situations. The score of Japan is 92 and it proves that the country have adopted range of safety measures to avoid unknown threats. Therefore, Fuji Xerox has taken necessary social measures in the sustainability report. Environmental measures adopted by the company in the reports belong to this category. However, the report of Australia also included these measures. Masculinity vs. femininity: It considers to what extent people strives to be the best. The score of Australia is 61 and the score of Japan is 95. The scores define that Japan focuses more on this difference than Australia. Keeping this in mind, Fuji Xerox has adopted a shared vision in its sustainability report. It has helped them to gain competitive advantage from the local market of Japan. In case of Australia, they have focused on the individual benefits of the stakeholders. Long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation: This dimension defines how much people in a specific country consider long-term development. The score of Australia is 21 and the score of Japan is 88. It proves that Japan thinks more on long-term development than Australia. Therefore, to satisfy the needs of different people, Fuji Xerox has given short-term objectives for Australia and long-term objectives for Japan. The company has provided shared values for Japan. Indulgence vs. restraint: This dimension of Hofstedes model considers how much people can control their desires and impulses. The score of Australia is 71 and the score of Japan is 42. It indicates that Australian people believe in expressing desires and impulses and the Japanese people feel that controlling the emotions and impulses is against the social norms. Therefore, the company has emphasized on the value added benefits of the products in the sustainability report of Japan. In case of Australia, the company has provided essential information about the financial benefit of the stakeholders. Part C: Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion: After assessing the sustainability reports, it can be said that Wesfarmers and Fuji Xerox have followed the guidelines propounded by GRI G4. After evaluating the sustainability report of 2014, it can be said that the company has tried to make the report accessible for the benefit of the stakeholders and the shareholders. Incorporation of graphs and charts in the report of 2015 has made it more accessible to the investors and shareholders. It is a fact that publishing the sustainability report helps the company to remove transparency and knowledge gap and establish a healthy environment. It also helps developing public relations, which holds immense importance in the growth of the company. Improved public relation helps in the overall improvement. It is an advantage in the global competitive market. Both the companies have understood this fact very well and therefore, clearly stated important and essential data in the reports. Recommendations: Although the companies have kept almost every factor in mind, still the reports could have been better. Therefore, some important recommendations will now be discussed in the following: Improved Accessibility: To improve the sustainability report, Wesfarmers should focus on better accessibility of the reports to those for whom it is made. The company should include numeric data to forecast profitability of the company. Incorporating social activities: The sustainability report provided by Fuji Xerox does not contain details about their social responsibilities. Inclusion of it could have made the report more attractive to all the investors and the shareholders. Their environmental compliances are also not detailed. However, it was necessary. Outline sustainability indicators: It is found that inclusion of sustainability indicators is very important. The stakeholders and the shareholders should have the knowledge about the key sustainability factors that are helping the company to improve their situation. The company should clearly highlight the areas they are focusing on. The two reports by the two different companies have discussed the sustainability measures they have taken. However, it is not clearly stated to what extent they have gone to maintain the sustainability and what their main areas are. Development of better communication: For the development of a better communication with the shareholders and the stakeholders, the company should focus more on removing certain knowledge gap. They could come up with a new sustainability website through which they will spread sustainability awareness. The website should include all the information about the steps and procedures that they have undertaken as a means of sustainability practice. They can also share some videos that display their work. It builds an environment of mutual trust and understanding. Continue to support energy management and conservative initiative: the companies should focus more on including energy management and conservative initiative. They should explain in detail to what extent they are focused on improving their efficiency in these two areas. At present, energy management and energy conservation have become important issues. Therefore, the companies can attract the shareholders and the stakeholders by explaining through the reports how much they are considering these two issues. Many shareholders and stakeholders might become more interested to know more about the company if they concentrate on the energy conservation and management of resources that produce energy. Make a public commitment: Although both the companies have provided information about their commitments towards environmental sustainability, and both of them have outlined the policies that they have taken, yet they should have come up with more commitments. It is away to show their concerns about the sustainability of the environment. Part D: Reflective Journal of personal development Completion of the assignment helps me to understand concept of corporate governance and ethical obligations of preparing sustainability report. In this assignment, I have completed two different parts such as sustainability report of Wesfarmers and Fuji Xerox. In case of Wesfarmers, I have compared two sustainability reports of 2014 and 2015. Here, I have learnt to identify the key factors, which enhance quality of a sustainability report. Apart from that, it has helped me to identify the key aspects that need improvement for improving the overall report. Moreover, I have compared sustainability report based on cultural requirement of people. In case of Fuji Xerox, the company has published the 2014 sustainability report in Australia and 2015 sustainability report in Japan. Here, I have identified the factors that influence the company differentiates both sustainability reports. Apart from that, I have learnt the principles of good corporate disclosure for both Australia and Japan. T his assignment helps me to understand that in order to comply with the environmental policies an organization needs to comply with the G4 GRI guidelines while disclosure. This assignment helps me to evaluate the extent in which an organization is complying with the guidelines while disclosing sustainability report. The most important factor that I have understood after completing this assignment is how an organization can conduct sustainable business with good corporate governance practices. The importance of shared value while publishing report has been emphasized through this assignment. Nowadays, companies are publishing good corporate governance practices in order to attract stakeholders towards the brand. Therefore, the companies are highly motivated to improve the disclosure process of their sustainability report. References ArAs, G., 2016.A book of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. Armstrong, C.S., Blouin, J.L., Jagolinzer, A.D. and Larcker, D.F., 2015. Corporate governance, incentives, and tax avoidance.Journal of Accounting and Economics,60(1), pp.1-17 Berger, A.N., Imbierowicz, B. and Rauch, C., 2016. The roles of corporate governance in bank failures during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(4), pp.729-770 Bhaduri, S.N. and Selarka, E., 2016. Corporate Governance and Corporate Social ResponsibilityIntroduction. InCorporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility of Indian Companies(pp. 1-10). Springer Singapore Carraro, C. and Leveque, F.., 2013.Voluntary approaches in environmental policy(Vol. 14). Springer Science Business Media. Castelo, B.M., 2013. Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. InEncyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility(pp. 2389-2395). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Costa, R. and Menichini, T., 2013. A multidimensional approach for CSR assessment: the importance of the stakeholder perception.Expert Systems with Applications,40(1), pp.150-161. Crowfoot, J. and Wondolleck, J.M., 2012.Environmental disputes: Community involvement in conflict resolution. Island Press. Daily, C.M. and Dalton, D.R., 2015. Corporate governance in the small firm: Prescriptions for CEOs and directors.Journal of Small Business Strategy,5(1), pp.57-68 Denis, D.K., 2016. Corporate Governance and the Goal of the Firm: In Defense of Shareholder Wealth Maximization.Forthcoming in the Financial Review Domingues, A.R., Pires, S.M., Caeiro, S. and Ramos, T.B., 2015. Defining criteria and indicators for a sustainability label of local public services.Ecological Indicators,57, pp.452-464. Fassin, Y., 2015, July. The Status of CSR and Sustainability Reporting at Universities in Europe: a Survey. InProceedings of the International Association for Business and Society(Vol. 26, pp. 179-191). Fuente, J.A., Garca-Snchez, I.M. and Lozano, M.B., 2017. The role of the board of directors in the adoption of GRI guidelines for the disclosure of CSR information.Journal of Cleaner Production,141, pp.737-750. Fujixerox.com. 2016. Report - PDF Download : About Fuji Xerox : FUJI XEROX. Available at: https://www.fujixerox.com/eng/company/sr/2015/booklet.html [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016]. fxasustainability.com 2016. Available at: https://www.fxasustainability.com.au/2014/report.php [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016]. Harford, J., Mansi, S.A. and Maxwell, W.F., 2012. Corporate governance and firm cash holdings in the US. InCorporate Governance(pp. 107-138). Springer Berlin Heidelberg Lhtinen, K. and Myllyviita, T., 2015. Cultural sustainability in reference to the global reporting initiative (GRI) guidelines: Case forest bioenergy production in North Karelia, Finland.Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development,5(3), pp.290-318. Larcker, D. and Tayan, B., 2015.Corporate governance matters: A closer look at organizational choices and their consequences. Pearson Education Leipziger, D., 2015.The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing. Lim, A. and Tsutsui, K., 2012. Globalization and commitment in corporate social responsibility cross-national analyses of institutional and political-economy effects. American Sociological Review, 77(1), pp.69-98. Nikolaou, I.E. and Tsalis, T.A., 2013. Development of a sustainable balanced scorecard framework.Ecological indicators,34, pp.76-86. Percival, R.V., Schroeder, C.H., Miller, A.S. and Leape, J.P., 2013.Environmental regulation: Law, science, and policy. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Portney, P.R.., 2016.Public policies for environmental protection. Routledge. Roca, L.C. and Searcy, C., 2012. An analysis of indicators disclosed in corporate sustainability reports.Journal of Cleaner Production,20(1), pp.103-118. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), pp.1045-1061. Tarquinio, L., Raucci, D., Verna, I. and Benedetti, R., 2015. GRI performance indicators and corporate variables. Evidence from Italian listed companies' corporate social responsibility reports.Progress in Industrial Ecology, an International Journal,9(3), pp.234-255. Tricker, B., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA Welford, R., 2013.Hijacking environmentalism: Corporate responses to sustainable development. Routledge. wesresources.com, 2016. sustainability_report. /www.wesresources.com.au/sustainability_report_2015. Available at: https://www.wesresources.com.au/sustainability_report_2015/ [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016] wesresources.com. www.wesresources.com.au/sustainability_report_2014/. Available at: https://www.wesresources.com.au/sustainability_report_2014/ [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016]

Bipolar Disorder Essays (1904 words) - Psychiatric Diagnosis

Bipolar Disorder The phenomenon of bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this affliction can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder; however, despite the abundance of people suffering from the it, we are still waiting for definite explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are painfully aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its` victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is imperative that we remain vigilant in the quest for explanations of its causes and treatment. Affective disorders are characterized by a smorgasbord of symptoms that can be broken into manic and depressive episodes. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness and despair that can become feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Some of the symptoms of a depressive episode include anhedonia, disturbances in sleep and appetite, psycomoter retardation, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, difficulty thinking, indecision, and recurrent thoughts of death and suicide (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). Bipolar affective disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately three million people) in the United States. It is presented by both males and females. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression. These episodes may alternate with profound depressions characterized by a pervasive sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, in concentrations and driving. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not (Goodwin, Guze, 1989, p 11). Most commonly, individuals with manic episodes experience a period of depression. Symptoms include elated, expansive, or irritable mood, hyperactivity, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, inflated self esteem, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, and excessive involvement in reckless activities (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). Rarest symptoms were periods of loss of all interest and retardation or agitation (Weisman, 1991). As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA) has demonstrated, bipolar disorder can create substantial developmental delays, marital and family disruptions, occupational setbacks, and financial disasters. This devastating disease causes disruptions of families, loss of jobs and millions of dollars in cost to society. Many times bipolar patients report that the depressions are longer and increase in frequency as the individual ages. Many times bipolar states and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. Speech patterns help distinguish between the two disorders (Lish, 1994). The onset of Bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 30 years of age, with a second peak in the mid-forties for women. A typical bipolar patient may experience eight to ten episodes in their lifetime. However, those who have rapid cycling may experience more episodes of mania and depression that succeed each other without a period of remission (DSM III-R). The three stages of mania begin with hypomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive (Hirschfeld, 1995). The hypomania state has led observers to feel that bipolar patients are "addicted" to their mania. Hypomania progresses into mania and the transition is marked by loss of judgment (Hirschfeld, 1995). Often, euphoric grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin to manifest. The third stage of mania is evident when the patient experiences delusions with often paranoid themes. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior manifests sometimes associated with violence (Hirschfeld, 1995). When both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same time it is called a mixed episode. Those afflicted are a special risk because there is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiety that makes them feel like they "could jump out of their skin"(Hirschfeld, 1995). Up to 50% of all patients with mania have a mixture of depressed moods. Patients report feeling dysphoric, depressed, and unhappy; yet, they exhibit the energy associated with mania. Rapid cycling mania is another presentation of bipolar disorder. Mania may be present with four or more distinct episodes within a 12 month period. There is now evidence to suggest that sometimes rapid cycling may be a transient manifestation of the bipolar disorder. This form of the disease exhibits more episodes of mania and depression than bipolar. Lithium has been the primary treatment of bipolar disorder since its introduction in the 1960's. It is main function is

How to Get an ISBN Everything You Need to Know About ISBN Numbers

How to Get an ISBN Everything You Need to Know About ISBN Numbers How to Get an ISBN: Everything You Need to Know About ISBN Numbers Knowing how to get an ISBN as a selfAs of 2007, the ISBN is a 13-digit number. This came about in part because of the large volume of eBooks now being published every year.Knowing how to break down and interpret these 13 digits aren’t of much use and interest to most book readers, but for publishers and distributors, it’s a necessity.If you want to publish lots of books under your own publishing name then it’s something you may want to pay attention to. You can tell a lot about a book and its author by reading the ISBN number.The 13 digit ISBN number helps:Identify the specific titleIdentify the authorIdentify the type of book they are buyingIdentify the physical properties of that particular bookIdentify the geographical location of the publisherLet’s break it down and look at what all these numbers mean.Here is the ISBN for a particular book:978-3-16-148410-0You’ll notice this sequence is divided into 5 number combinations. But the first three dig its â€Å"978† indicates that this string of numbers is for an ISBN. If we remove these digits we have:3-16-148410-0First is the initial digit, in this case: 3The 3 is the language group identifier which here indicates German. For English speaking countries a 0 or 1 is used. Numbers for language identification generally range from 1-5.Here is a list of the most common Group identifiers:0 or 1 for English2 for French3 for German4 for Japan5 for Russian7 for Peoples Republic of ChinaIt’s worth mentioning that the rarer the language, the longer the number identifier will be. For example, Indonesia is 602 whereas Turkey is 9944. You can reference the complete list at the International ISBN Agency.Next is â€Å"16†. This is the â€Å"publisher code,† and it identifies the publisher on any book that has this number. This number can be as long as 9 digits.â€Å"148410† - This six-digit series represents the title of the book. The publisher assigns this t o a specific book or edition of the book, such as a hardcover version or paperback. This could be a single digit or stretch to multiple digits.â€Å"0† is the last digit and is known as the â€Å"check digit†. This number is mathematically calculated as a fixed digit. This is always a single digit.This number indicates that the rest of the ISBN numbers have been scanned and is calculated based on the other digits in the code.Where is the ISBN number on books?The ISBN is usually found above the barcode on the back of the book.However, theyre not the same.The barcode is much different than the ISBN number.This is an important distinction because:When you purchase an ISBN you don’t automatically get a barcodeThe barcode of your book can change, while your ISBN can remain the same.We’ve already discussed what data the ISBN carries, however,the barcode includes extra information such as the book’s fixed price and the currency it’s being sold in.B arcodes are a necessary element of your book as they allow for most retailers and distributors to scan your ISBN for retail and inventory reasons.The standard barcode is known as the EAN (European Article Number) barcode, and your barcode must be in this format to sell your book in bookstores.(Breakdown of the typical EAN barcode on the back of a book by Publisher Services)Do ISBNs expire?No, ISBN numbers never expire or go bad. In fact, if you have one from a long time ago, you can simply reconstruct it for use.But what if my old ISBN is really old and only has 10 digits?Thats not a problem, either. With this handy tool from Bowker, you can convert the ISBN easily and immediately.The Book Designer also has a great resource for learning how to reconstruct an ISBN if you finally decided to write and self-publish the book youve been thinking about since you bought the ISBN.ISBN Search: How to Find Your Books ISBNIf you want to look up the ISBN of any book out there, you can do so easi ly by visiting the website ISBNSearch.org.Youll be greeted with a screen like the one above where you will be prompted to type in the ISBN, author name, or book title.After hitting search, you will have a list of books matching your searched items with the both the 13-digit ISBN and the 10-digit, like in the example below.How to Read a BarcodeIf you look at the picture of a standard barcode, you’ll notice two barcodes side by side. The barcode that appears on the left is the EAN generated from the ISBN number.The other number appearing on the right is a 5-digit add-on, called an EAN-5, that contains the price of the book. The first digit is a 5 and is a must for scanners to read. The 4-digits after the five indicates the price of the book.For example, if the number reads 52995, this means the price of the book is set at $29.95. If the price of the book changes, a new barcode must be used, though the ISBN wouldn’t change.This would only be replaced by a new ISBN number if the book is published as a new edition or as a new version.To buy a barcode you must first purchase an ISBN. You can buy your barcodes at Bowker and they even offer a barcode-ISBN combo:1 barcode + 1 ISBN is $150.1 barcode + 10 ISBNs is $320.The Difference Between ASIN and ISBNIf you’ve used Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) program you’ve probably come across an ASIN. ASIN numbers are used by Amazon to manage and identify the products they are selling on their site. It’s a 10-character alphanumeric unique identifier that’s assigned by Amazon.com and its partners.You can find this on your book page. In your browser, the Amazon ASIN will be after the product’s name and â€Å"dp†. The next place to find this is in your book or product details area of your book page.However, an ASIN is not the same as an ISBN. You can only use it with Amazon. If you want to sell through other platforms or in brick and mortar stores, you’r e going to need an ISBN.Reasons Self-Published Authors Need an ISBNIf you want to publish and sell your eBook on Amazon, then the quick answer is no, it isn’t necessary. Amazon will assign your eBook an ASIN number which will be used to identify and track your title.However, that’s only with Amazon, and only with eBooks.If you want your readers to get a hold of a print version of your book, then you’re going to need an ISBN.This might be important if you have a brick and mortar marketing strategy, or if you want your book to be accessible through libraries (more on this later), or if you’re looking to deal with wholesalers or other online retailers.Here’s a simple rule of thumb: if you want to sell your book by means other than as an ebook on Amazon, then you’ll need an ISBN.How do I buy an ISBN Number?You might not even have to buy your ISBN number because of services offered toself-published authors. You can get assigned a free ISBN by Cre atespace, the On-Demand publishing company that has now merged with Amazon.You can also get an ISBN when dealing with a whole host of On-Demand or self-publishing companies, like Draft2Digital, Smashwords or IngramSpark, and even Lulu.If you can get a free or cheap ISBN with them, then what’s the use in paying for your own one?Here’s the problem: most of the time, you can only use those free ISBNs with the channels those companies distribute through.Let’s say you get a free ISBN with Draft2Digital, but then you notice that there are some retail channels you can access through Smashwords that you can’t with Draft2Digital.You can’t use the Draft2Digital ISBN with Smashwords.Smashwords will only let you use your own ISBN or an ISBN they assign to you. So what do you do?You get a free ISBN with Smashwords.And now you have two ISBNs for the same book. Same book title, same book format, but two ISBNs.You then hear of some exclusive channels you can get t hrough eBookPartnership. The only wrinkle? You need an ISBN and they won’t take your Smashwords’ or Draft2Digital’s ISBN. So you sign up for their free ISBN instead.Now you have three ISBNs for the same book.The Problem with Multiple ISBNsThis problem can repeat itself again and again as you discover more ways to distribute your book. Sometimes you’ll have to pay for the ISBN, sometimes you won’t. But it leads to you having several ISBNs, all from different publishers, for the same book.Can you picture how unprofessional that looks to a bookstore?Wouldn’t it have been easier to start off by buying your own ISBN? Wouldn’t that make you look more professional?On top of this, each of those free ISBNs identifies the self-publishing company as a publisher. It’s the equivalent of using your business email address as [emailprotected] or [emailprotected] instead of [emailprotected] (assuming you’re named Matt).Not only does this make you look unprofessional, but there are some stores that will refuse to stock your book on this basis. If you have a CreateSpace ISBN, there are a number of bookstores that will refuse to carry your book. All of these issues can be sidestepped by simply purchasing your own ISBN through Bowker.Libraries and ISBN NumbersWe briefly mentioned that if you want to stock your book in libraries, you’ll need an ISBN. However, that might be the furthest thing from your mind. You might have decided to focus purely on eBook publishing and what part do libraries play in eBooks?A big one. Libraries are becoming more important to the distribution of eBooks. Overdrive  is the largest supplier to schools and libraries in the world (serving more than 30,000), and they circulated more than 105 million eBooks in 2014, a 33% increase from their previous year. They also supply to retail stores globally, making $100 million in sales in 2013.And guess what you need to be able to partner with Overdrive? Yup. An ISBN.Howto get an ISBNISBNs are free in many countries, provided either by the government or a publicly administered branch. However, in the US and the UK, ISBN numbers are administered by Bowker and Nielsen respectively and require you to pay.If you’re located outside the USA you can find out your local ISBN Agency here. While ISBNs are assigned locally, you can use them internationally.If you live in the USA, you have to get an ISBN through myidentifiers.com, run by Bowker, the only company that is authorized to administer the ISBN program in the United States. You can purchase ISBNs as a single unit or in bulk of 10, 100 or 1000.How to Register Your Book and ISBN NumberAs soon as you purchase your ISBN through Bowker or the International equivalent in your local area, and you publish your book, you should register here at Bowkerlink.This is an automated tool that will add your book to Bowker’s Books In Print and Global Books In Print.I recommend y ou download the free PDF â€Å"ISBN Guides: Title Set Up Registration† with step-by-step instructions on setting up your title.How Many ISBN Numbers To GetSo how many ISBNs should you get?First off let’s clarify a few common mistakes:You can only use an ISBN once. The ISBN is a unique number for that particular book, and can be assigned once, and only once, to that title. It can’t be used with any other book in the future, even second versions of the same book.You don’t need an ISBN to sell in each individual country. ISBNs are international, they are just assigned locally. A US-based publisher can purchase their ISBN through Bowker, but can stock their book worldwide using that ISBN.You need an ISBN for every specific format of the book and any new versions. Want to sell your book in print, as an eBook, and also as an audiobook? That’s great, however, you need a different ISBN for each one. If you want to publish a revised and updated version you ’ll also need a new ISBN. (This doesn’t cover fixing some typos and errors).If you create a series of books you can’t use the same ISBN for them. You can use the same ISSN, however. Many fiction and nonfiction authors have an ISSN number assigned to their book series. ISSN stands for International Standard Series Numberand can be purchased from the Library of Congress. However, each book in the series will need its own ISBN.We mentioned that in the USA you can buy ISBNs as a single unit, a bulk of 10, 100 or 1000. Here are the prices:Number of ISBNsCost1$12510$295100$575First off, it rarely makes sense to purchase a single ISBN. A single ISBN would cost you $125, but a bulk of 10 only costs $295. Meaning if you purchased 10, each ISBN would cost you $29.50, a 76% discount.Buying a single ISBN might seem feasible if you only want to publish one title, but remember that you need an ISBN for each format. So if you want to publish your book as an audiobook, you†™d need a brand new ISBN for that. As well as needing different ISBN numbers for your eBook and print versions.Not to mention that you’ll need an ISBN number for any future books you publish, perhaps as sequels to your book.We recommend that if youre serious about making book sales, you should purchase at least a bulk of 10 ISBNs. That gives you 3 ISBN numbers to use for publishing as an eBook, in print, and as an audiobook. You can keep the remainder for any future books you might publish.How to Get an ISBN final stepsNow that you have a very good idea how to buy and use ISBNs for your own books, all the best on setting this up. If you want to be recognized as a publisher and have your books available to a larger global audience by registering through Bowker, consider investing in your own ISBN numbers.Think of it as buying a piece of property: You own it and it is registered in your name.For more information, you can find out anything you want to know by visiting the offi cial Bowker page or at myidentifiers.comHere’s a simple actionable checklist for ISBNs.To buy an ISBN for your next book, here is what you should do:Go to the website https://www.myidentifiers.comUnder the ISBN drop down tab, click on ISBNs- Buy Here. You can select 1, 10 or 100. For a bulk purchase, go to â€Å"Buying ISBNs in Bulk† and you can contact Bowker directly to discuss your options.Once you have your ISBN assigned, you can then use it everywhere that requires your ISBN number.At Createspace, under the â€Å"Setup† channel, you can choose to have Createspace assign you an ISBN. When you buy your own ISBN at Bowker, just put in the 13-digit number and Createspace will use this in your paperback.If you publish your paperback through KDP (Kindle Direct Publishing), you can fill in your number in the â€Å"Paperback Content† section of your book when you log into your bookshelf. If you choose to have Createspace assign you an ISBN, KDP will ask for your 13-digit number if you are transferring your physical version over to KDP.Register your ISBN here at Bowker as soon as your book is ready for sale. Download the free ISBN Guides: Title Set Up Registration step-by-step guide.ISBN Links ResourcesThese links appeared throughout the post but here they are for easy access.International ISBN Agency https://www.isbn-international.orgISBN.org by Bowker https://www.isbn.org/faqs_general_questionsBowkerlink Publisher Access System https://commerce.bowker.com/corrections/common/home.aspBowker Identifier Services https://www.myidentifiers.comU.S. Copyright Office https://www.copyright.govISBN Set Up GuideISBN Guides: Basic Information

Economcs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economcs - Essay Example The company is especially famous for its contribution of the assembly line, granting the mass production of automobiles by 1913 (Ford motor, n.d.). For decades, it remained to be the second largest automaker worldwide, only behind General Motors (Freysennet, 1998). Today Ford has major operations in America, Asia Pacific Africa, and Europe. It used to manufacture diverse car and truck brands, to wit, Ford, Lincoln, Mazda, Jaguar, Aston Martin, Volvo, Land Rover and Mercury (Freysennet, 1998). Recently, however, it is streamlining (though less than an overhauling) its global and domestic approach to avert unwanted outcomes. Ford sold off Jaguar, Aston Martin, Land Rover, Volvo; and conclusive in ceasing the production of Mercury by the end of this year (Weaver, 2010). Threat of Substitutes. Automobiles give the end-users a sense of individuality which other modes of transportation (e.g. trains, and buses) don’t inherently offer. However this doesn’t give them an entire advantage. Owning private vehicles doesn’t only involve a costly purchase but also entails a probably costly responsibility as well in sustaining its usability mainly in times like repairing damaged parts/areas, or supplying gasoline. Moreover, in a global perspective, people are culturally and/or socially distinct (Bradley, et al., 2005). Not all people find automobiles a commodity. Thus, the threat of substitutes is only fair and varies greatly in different geographic market locations. Rivalry between Established Competitors. Though the oligopolistic structure of the automotive industry should partly eliminate price-based competition, the concentration ratios could no longer disguise the ongoing competition (Bradley, et al., 2005). This may not even be some sleazy plan to reinforce competition but a by-product of the economic slumps such that companies ultimately attempted to generate maximum sales to finance its operations. With Honda, Toyota,

Developing Performance and Career Management in Talent Management Essay

Developing Performance and Career Management in Talent Management - Essay Example Performance examination serves to rate the performance of the employees and assess their commitment towards the organizational objectives. Assuming that the methodology of performance evaluations is formal and legitimately organized, it helps the employees to obviously comprehend their parts and obligations and provide guidance to the singular's performance. It serves to arrange the distinct performances with the organizational objectives and likewise supervise their performance. Performance appraisal takes into account the past performance of the employees and focuses on the improvement of the future performance of the employees. Performance appraisal is a piece of vocation advancement. The most recent mantra being emulated by associations over the planet being – "get paid as per your performance" – the center of the associations is turning to performance management and particularly to singular performance. Performance appraisal serves to rate the performance of the em ployees and assess their commitment towards the organizational objectives. ... Performance appraisal is likewise nearly joined to other HR courses of action like serves to recognize the preparation and improvement needs, advancements, downgrades, changes in the recompense and so on. A sentiment imparted in a positive way heads off far to rouse the employees and serves to recognize singular profession developmental arrangements. In light of the assessment, employees can advance their profession objectives, accomplish new levels of capabilities and outline their vocation movement. Performance appraisal sways employees to strengthen their qualities and beat their shortcomings. Career development is the amassing and growth of abilities and information that empower an expert to development or develop in the field of his or her decision. This can take the manifestation of instructive or scholastic courses, proficient affirmation and preparing, or commonsense, at work experience. In the field of mechanical building, one of the keys to career development is affirmation , a transportable impression of the way that a distinctive has accomplished a certain aptitude level. Performance appraisal & career development incorporates the territory of career development, which is an amazingly fascinating and essential region of word related brain research and one which offers an extraordinary arrangement of work fulfillment. Career development and performance appraisal might be more serious for associations and their employees when every framework draws on the quality of the other – the "now" introduction of performance appraisal and "what's to come" introduction of career development. To fulfill this commonly fortifying process, the two frameworks must be seen as helping the same objective – talent